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Anna Politkovskaya
Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (; (ウクライナ語:Га́нна Степа́нівна Політко́вська); née Mazepa; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian〔 journalist, writer, and human rights activist known for her opposition to the Second Chechen War and President of Russia Vladimir Putin.〔World Politics Review LLC, ("Politkovskaya's Death, Other Killings, Raise Questions About Russian Democracy" ), 31 October 2006〕 (Politkovskaya was murdered on Putin's birthday.)
Politkovskaya made her reputation reporting from Chechnya.〔("Anna Politkovskaya, crusading Russian journalist", obituary (David Hearst), 9 October, ''Guardian'' ). She was arrested and subjected to mock execution by Russian military forces there, and was poisoned while travelling to participate in negotiations during the Beslan school hostage crisis, but survived and continued her reporting.〕 Her post-1999 articles about conditions in Chechnya were turned into several books;〔these were mostly published outside of Russia.〕 Russian readers' main access to her investigations and publications was through ''Novaya Gazeta'', a Russian newspaper known for its often-critical investigative coverage of Russian political and social affairs. From 2000 onwards, she received numerous international awards for her work. In 2004, she published a personal account, ''Putin's Russia''.〔Published in Russia after her death on the ''Novaya gazeta'' website ("Новая газета" Путинская Россия )〕
On 7 October 2006 she was murdered in the lift of her block of flats, an assassination that attracted international attention.〔(The State of the World's Human Rights (Internet Archive) ), Amnesty International 2009, Report on Jan–Dec 2008, p. 272: "In June (), the Office of the Prosecutor General announced that it had finished its investigation into the killing of human rights journalist Anna Politkovskaya, who was shot dead in Moscow in October 2006. Three men accused of involvement in her murder went on trial in November; all denied the charges. A fourth detainee, a former member of the Federal Security Services who had initially been detained in connection with the murder, remained in detention on suspicion of another crime. The person suspected of shooting Anna Politkovskaya had not been detained by the end of the year and was believed to be in hiding abroad."〕 In June 2014 five men were sentenced to prison for the murder, but it is still unclear who ordered or paid for the contract killing.〔
==Early life and education==
Politkovskaya was born Anna Mazepa in New York City in 1958, the daughter of Stepan F. Mazepa from Kostobobriv (Kostobobrov), Ukraine. Some sources say that her birth name was actually Hanna Mazeppa.〔(Halyna Mazepa: My fondest Ukrainian memories are of Katerynoslav ), day.kiev.ua〕 Other sources state that she was born in Chernihiv (Chernigov) region of Ukraine.〔(Biography ), annapolitkovskayafund.com〕 Her parents, Soviet diplomats at the United Nations, were Ukrainian.〔(Anna Politkovskaya ), notablebiographies.com〕 Politkovskaya spent most of her childhood in Moscow; she graduated from Moscow State University's school of journalism in 1980.〔(POLITKOVSKAYA, Anna Stepanovna ), russiaprofile.org〕 While there, she defended a thesis about the poetry of Marina Tsvetaeva 〔Her school friends would note that the only and main specific about Politkovskaya is that she was very much into Tsvetaeva, who also have specific place in her poetry about hell, which probably influenced the titles of Politkovskaya books - , Simon Karlinsky, ''(Marina Tsvetaeva: The Woman, Her World, and Her Poetry )'', CUP Archive, 1985〕 and married fellow student Alexander Politkovsky. They had two children, Vera and Ilya. At first Alexander was better known, joining TV journalist Vladislav Listyev as one of the hosts on the late-night TV programme ''Vzglyad''. Apart from her childhood years, Politkovskaya spent no more than a few weeks outside Russia at any one time, even when her life came under threat. She was a U.S. citizen and had a U.S. passport, although she never relinquished her Russian citizenship.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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